Geography and population:

Canada, the second largest country in the world by land mass after Russia, is located in the northern part of the North American continent and has a total area of 9,984,670 square kilometres It is known to have the longest coastline on Earth, encompasses 6 different time zones that reflect the nation's sheer size. With a population of approximately 36 million people, around 90% of Canadians live within 160 kilometres of the US border. Canada has the lowest population density in the world with around 3.3 inhabitants per square kilometre, and the majority live in urban areas. It has the largest proportion of freshwater lakes on Earth, having more lakes and territorial waters than any country in the world.

Provinces and Territories:

Canada is made up of 10 provinces and 3 territories, each with their own distinct landscape, climate, and regional culture. They are often grouped into four (five) main regions: Western Canada, Central Canada, Eastern Canada (that is also known as Atlantic Canada *Atlantic Canada is a separate region from Eastern Canada, and includes the maritime provinces. Eastern Canada is Ontario and Quebec), and Northern Canada. Welfare, education and healthcare are the responsibility of the provincial bodies, which gives them independence from the federal government, allowing for a unique socio-cultural environment that includes the largely French-Speaking province of Quebec, the sparsely-populated northern regions and the Inuit culture that pervades them, two dramatically different coastal cultures on the Atlantic and Pacific, the Prairie provinces which make up Canada's breadbasket, and Ontario, the nation's economic powerhouse and most populous province, as well as the home of the nation's capital city, Ottawa. When immigrating to Canada, choosing the right province to settle in based on your needs, is essential. For further information on the Canadian territories and provinces, consider visiting the government webpage of the Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC).

Climate:

Canada has a very chilly climate (Canada has 11 different climate zones, each with their own unique seasonal patterns. To say it has a chilly climate is rather misleading and oversimplifying. Much of it is chilly in winter, but there is a big difference between the 10* averages of Victoria in winter and the -20* averages of the north, to say nothing of the hot, humid summers of Ontario compared to the cool, rainy summers of the west coast, or the highly changeable summers of the Maritimes). The average temperature throughout most of the country stays between -2 degrees and -10 degrees (again, this is misleading because it suggests that this is the average throughout the year, while most of Canada has four distinct seasons with highly variable temperatures and weather patterns. As you pointed out earlier, Canada is massive, so averaging the temperature of such an enormous land mass is not helpful). Most parts of the country have colder climates in the winter, but the southern areas are comparatively warmer in the summer, with temperatures between 16 degrees and 28 degrees.

Government and languages:

Canada has a constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II as the head of state, represented by a governor-general, who fulfills her mostly ceremonial role in Ottawa. The government is a federal parliamentary system divided into two legislative chambers: the House of Commons and the Senate, with the Supreme Court acting as a third legislative body. The country is officially bilingual at the federal level, and Canada's Constitution recognizes, preserves, and supports French and English equality in Canadian society. Almost all labelling on the packaging of consumer product is in English in French, while all services offered by the federal government are made available in both languages. Statistically, the vast majority of Canadians speak English, and approximately about 18% of the total population is fluent in both official languages.

Economy:

Canada ranks among the 10 leading manufacturing nations in the world, and was the eleventh largest economy in the 2015. Most of Canada’s manufacturing sector is concentrated in Ontario and Quebec. Mining, fishing, forestry and other natural resource-based economies are strongest in the Prairie and Atlantic regions and the Pacific. The country’s economy also relies heavily on an abundance of natural resources, plus leading international trade networks such as the Toronto Stock Exchange.

Education:

In Canada, approximately 51% of the adults have at least a university degree or college diploma (is that true or is it that 51% has some post-secondary education?). The country invests about 5.3% of its GDP in education, funding a significant portion of education from kindergarten to college and university. Comparatively, Canada has one of the highest educational standards among industrialized countries, having a public and private education system. Each province and territory are directly responsible for its own education system. School years for high schools and universities differ from month-to-month based on the provinces. Every year, thousands of international students study in Canada and can choose to study in French or English.

Health Care:

The public health care system of Canada is recognized worldwide (recognized as what?). Permanent residents and Canadian citizens have equal access to all the vital care (you should specify what these means: does not include drugs, eyes, dentistry, etc.). The health care standards across the country are regulated by the federal government. However, it is implemented, delivered and administered by each province. Most of the provinces pay their health care through taxes, except for the provinces of Alberta, Ontario and British Columbia, which charge health care premiums in addition to taxpayer-funded health plans (you should specify what the premiums are and who pays them).

Culture:

Canada is one of the most ethnically and culturally diverse nations in the world, due to large-scale immigration from many different countries each year. Multiculturalism became Canadian policy under Prime Minister Pierre Elliot Trudeau in the 1970's and 80's, leading to the Multiculturalism Act of 1982 which enshrined the principles of tolerance for ethnic and religious diversity into Canada's Constitution. Multiculturalism policy allows citizens to practice their religions and keep their identities without the fear of official persecution. It is believed by some that without this fear, Canadians are more willing to accept different cultures. The policy, therefore, emphasizes a mutual respect between ethnicities and also acceptance of one’s personal beliefs. As the country is inhabited by immigrants from all around the world, a major part of its prosperity is due to the efforts of these immigrants. The federal government has also realized and recognized this diverse multiculturalism and has made policies for understanding and promoting acceptance of religious and racial difference. Each and every year, thousands of new immigrants are welcomed in the country.